{"id":709,"date":"2014-01-05T02:13:26","date_gmt":"2014-01-04T23:13:26","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/metehantoksoy.com\/?p=709"},"modified":"2014-01-05T02:13:26","modified_gmt":"2014-01-04T23:13:26","slug":"donanim-mbr-nedir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/metehantoksoy.com\/?p=709","title":{"rendered":"Donan\u0131m – MBR Nedir?"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Donan\u0131m konulu yaz\u0131 serimizin 2. yaz\u0131s\u0131ndan merhaba. \u00a0Ge\u00e7en yaz\u0131m\u0131zda Bios Nedir?<\/a> konusundan yola \u00e7\u0131karak Boot<\/strong> s\u00fcrecinden bahsetmi\u015ftik.<\/p>\n

Boot s\u00fcrecinden sonra Bios, i\u015flemciyi Sabit Disk’in 0. adresi yani Plaka 0, Kafa 0, Sekt\u00f6r 1<\/strong> konumuna y\u00f6nlendirir ve oradan sonra i\u015flemi orada bulunan dosya sisteminin i\u00e7indeki kodlara b\u0131rak\u0131r\u00a0demi\u015ftik. Blogumuzda anlataca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z 2 disk b\u00f6l\u00fcmlendirme mant\u0131\u011f\u0131(dosya sistemi diye bahsetti\u011fimiz) vard\u0131r. MBR<\/strong> ve GPT<\/strong> . Bug\u00fcn MBR<\/strong> \u00fczerinde duraca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n

MBR Nedir?<\/span><\/h1>\n

MBR<\/strong>, IBM taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015flayan bir disk b\u00f6l\u00fcmleme sistemidir. \u0130lk ba\u015fta sadece IBM sistemleriyle kullan\u0131lmak \u00fczere tasarlanan MBR<\/strong>, 1983 y\u0131l\u0131nda PC DOS 2.0 ile b\u00fct\u00fcn bilgisayarlar\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131na sunulmaya ba\u015fland\u0131. \u00a0MBR<\/strong>, di\u011fer ad\u0131yla Master Boot Record<\/strong>, sabit diskin ba\u015flama noktas\u0131d\u0131r. E\u011fer MBR<\/strong> ya da MBR<\/strong> gibi bir ba\u015flama noktas\u0131 olmasayd\u0131, i\u015flemci BIOS kodlar\u0131ndan sonra ne yapaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilemezdi. MBR<\/strong>‘nin adresi asla de\u011fi\u015ftirilemez ve bu noktaya i\u015fletim sistemleri taraf\u0131ndan kurulum s\u0131ras\u0131nda veriler eklenebilir.<\/p>\n

Temel olarak MBR<\/strong> iki b\u00f6l\u00fcmden olu\u015fur diyebiliriz.
\n1-)<\/strong> Master Boot Code<\/strong><\/em>
\n2-)Master Partition Table<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

MBR<\/strong>‘nin ba\u015f\u0131nda \u00a0440 byte<\/span> boyutunda Master Boot Code (Bootstrap)<\/em> <\/strong>vard\u0131r. Bu kod, BIOS’un \u00a0bootable<\/strong> bir cihaz ararken varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve e\u011fer var ise sistemi ba\u015flatma i\u015fini teslim etti\u011fi kodlard\u0131r. Burada var olan kodlar i\u015fletim sistemlerine \u00f6zel olabilir. Buradaki kod direkt i\u015fletim sistemini de ba\u015flatabilir, \u00e7oklu boot var ise boot ekran\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturacak program\u0131n\u0131n kodlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00a0da i\u00e7erebilir. Windows \u00fczerine Ubuntu y\u00fckledi\u011finizde buradaki kod de\u011fi\u015fir, Windows’un bootlader’\u0131ndan Ubuntu’unu GNU GRUP<\/strong> bootloader’\u0131na ge\u00e7er.<\/p>\n

Master Boot Code<\/strong>‘un ard\u0131ndan 4 byte disk imzas\u0131 alan\u0131 gelir. Disk imza alan\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan 2 byte bo\u015f alan gelir. Bunun nedeni E\u011fer Master Boot Code<\/strong>, 440 byte alan\u0131na s\u0131\u011fmaz ise, disk imzas\u0131 ve bu bo\u015f alan eklenerek Master Boot Code<\/strong>‘un 446 byte de\u011ferine ula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7indir.<\/p>\n

MBR’<\/strong>yi as\u0131l \u00f6nemli k\u0131lan Master Boot Code<\/strong>‘dan ziyade Master Partition Table<\/strong>‘d\u0131r. 64Byte boyutuna sahip bu tablo, boyutundan dolay\u0131 sadece 4 adet Primary Partition<\/strong> \u015femas\u0131 i\u00e7erebilir. \u00a0\u0130sterseniz devam etmeden \u00f6nce bir parantez a\u00e7\u0131p Sabit Disklerde bulunan Partition<\/strong> kavram\u0131nda bahsedelim.<\/p>\n

Partition Nedir?\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

Partition(b\u00f6l\u00fcm)<\/em><\/strong>, ayn\u0131 sabit disk \u00fczerinde\u00a0yer alan b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerdir. Bir sabit disk, birden fazla partition bulunduruyorsa i\u015fletim sisteminde sabit diski birden fazla ayr\u0131 disk olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcnebilir. \u00d6rnek vermek gerekirse:<\/p>\n

\"diskyonetimi\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Primary Partition(Birincil B\u00f6l\u00fcm)<\/em><\/strong>, MBR<\/strong>‘de \u015femas\u0131 bulunan sabit disk b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinin ad\u0131d\u0131r. Birincil B\u00f6l\u00fcm<\/strong> i\u015fletim sistemi ve\/veya veri depolayabilir ve Birincil B\u00f6l\u00fcmlerin MBR <\/strong>\u00fczerinde direkt \u015femas\u0131 bulunur. Birincil B\u00f6l\u00fcmlerin birinin active<\/strong> ya da boot disk<\/strong> olarak i\u015faretlenmesi gerekir. Bu i\u015faretleme direkt anlamda i\u015faretleme de\u011fildir. Master Boot Code<\/strong> i\u00e7ine i\u015fletim sisteminin ve bootloader’\u0131n bu diskte oldu\u011funu belirten bir kod eklenir. E\u011fer hi\u00e7 bir diskte active i\u015fareti yok ise BIOS Post Ekran\u0131ndan hemen sonra Master Boot Code taraf\u0131ndan ekrana bir hata mesaj\u0131 yazd\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r .Bu mesaj genellikle “No bootable media found” gibi olur. Birincil B\u00f6l\u00fcmlere yer yer Ger\u00e7ek B\u00f6l\u00fcm<\/strong> de denilir.<\/p>\n

MBR<\/strong> depolama sistemine sahip bir sabit diskte di\u011fer b\u00f6l\u00fcm \u015fekli de Geni\u015fletilmi\u015f B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00a0(Extended Partition)<\/em><\/strong> d\u00fcr. Birincil B\u00f6l\u00fcmler<\/strong> i\u015fletim sistemi veya veriyi depolayabilirken,\u00a0\u00a0Geni\u015fletilmi\u015f B\u00f6l\u00fcm<\/strong> i\u015fletim sistemi veya veri depolayamaz. Peki ama o zaman bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm ne i\u015f yapar? Geni\u015fletilmi\u015f B\u00f6l\u00fcm<\/strong> sadece 1<\/strong> tane olur ve Mant\u0131ksal B\u00f6l\u00fcmlerin (Logical Partitions)<\/em><\/strong> bilgilerini \u00fczerinde bar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131r. Geni\u015fletilmi\u015f B\u00f6l\u00fcm<\/strong>lerde veriyi Mant\u0131ksal B\u00f6l\u00fcmler<\/strong> depolar. Yani Geni\u015fletilmi\u015f B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Master Partition Table<\/strong>‘a benzetebiliriz. Geni\u015fletilmi\u015f B\u00f6l\u00fcmler s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z<\/strong> say\u0131da Mant\u0131ksal B\u00f6l\u00fcme ayr\u0131labilir<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

A\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z parantezi kapatal\u0131m ve\u00a0Master Partition Table<\/strong>‘dan devam edelim. Master Partition Table<\/strong>, Birincil B\u00f6l\u00fcmlerin<\/strong> bilgilerini tutar. Fakat MBR<\/strong> sisteminde Master Partition Table<\/strong>‘da Birincil B\u00f6l\u00fcmlerin<\/strong> \u015femas\u0131 i\u00e7in 64<\/strong>byte ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu y\u00fczden Master Partition Table<\/strong> sadece 4<\/strong> Birincil B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn \u015femas\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7erebilir. Yani MBR<\/strong> depolama sistemine sahip bir disk maksimum 4, <\/strong>minimum 1 Birincil B\u00f6l\u00fcm<\/strong> i\u00e7erebilir.<\/p>\n

Peki yukar\u0131da Geni\u015fletilmi\u015f B\u00f6l\u00fcm<\/strong> diye bir b\u00f6l\u00fcmden bahsetmi\u015ftik burada ondan bahsetmedik. Windows<\/strong> ortam\u0131nda \u00a03<\/strong> tane Birincil B\u00f6l\u00fcmden<\/strong> olu\u015fan bir disk \u00fczerine bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm daha eklemek istedi\u011finizde Windows, direkt olarak 4. B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Geni\u015fletilmi\u015f B\u00f6l\u00fcm<\/strong> olarak olu\u015fturur ve olu\u015fturdu\u011fu b\u00f6l\u00fcm Mant\u0131ksal B\u00f6l\u00fcm<\/strong>\u00a0i\u00e7erecektir. Yani Windows, son b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn \u015femas\u0131n\u0131 tutmak i\u00e7in son b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Birincil Disk<\/strong> alan\u0131na olarak a\u00e7ar ama onu Geni\u015fletilmi\u015f Disk<\/strong> olarak kullan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Master Partition Table<\/strong>‘\u0131n alan\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131 dedik ama \u015fimdi de Master Partition Table<\/strong> i\u00e7ine geni\u015fletilmi\u015f b\u00f6l\u00fcm ekledik. Geni\u015fletilmi\u015f B\u00f6l\u00fcm<\/strong> demek s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z<\/strong> b\u00f6l\u00fcm olu\u015fturabilmek demektir. Madem Master Partition Table’a s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131z b\u00f6l\u00fcm s\u0131\u011f\u0131yor o zaman geni\u015fletilmi\u015f b\u00f6l\u00fcme neden ihtiya\u00e7 var?<\/strong> dedi\u011finizi duyar gibiyim.<\/p>\n

Geni\u015fletilmi\u015f B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00a0sadece<\/strong> bilgisi<\/strong> yani adresi, boyutu gibi bilgileri\u00a0Master Partition Table<\/strong> \u00fczerinde tutulur. Mant\u0131ksal B\u00f6l\u00fcmlerin<\/strong> yani Geni\u015fletilmi\u015f B\u00f6l\u00fcmler \u00fczerinde olu\u015fturulan b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerin \u015femas\u0131 Geni\u015fletilmi\u015f B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn i\u00e7indeki<\/strong> tabloda tutulur.<\/p>\n

MBR\u00a0<\/strong>mant\u0131ksal b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerin \u015femas\u0131n\u0131 bar\u0131nd\u0131rmaz<\/strong> sadece tek bir\u00a0Geni\u015fletilmi\u015f B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn<\/strong>\u00a0<\/b>\u00a0\u015femas\u0131n\u0131 bar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131r. Geni\u015fletilmi\u015f B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn i\u00e7erdi\u011fi Mant\u0131ksal B\u00f6l\u00fcmlerin \u015femas\u0131 ise sabit diskin daha ilerideki<\/strong> sekt\u00f6rlerinde<\/strong> bulunur ve buradan bu \u015femalar\u0131n bulundu\u011fu sonraki sekt\u00f6rlere link verilir.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Volume Boot Record Nedir?<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

MBR<\/strong> gibi k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir alanda her b\u00f6l\u00fcme ait detayl\u0131 bilgilerin ve detayl\u0131 \u00a0dosya \u015femalar\u0131n\u0131n tutulmas\u0131 imkans\u0131zd\u0131r. Bu y\u00fczden MBR<\/strong> mant\u0131\u011f\u0131na sahip sabit disklerde her bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm, Birincil ya da Mant\u0131ksal farketmeksizin<\/strong> MBR’den ayr\u0131 olarak kendi MBR’sine<\/strong> yani \u00f6zel ad\u0131yla \u00a0Volume Boot Sector’<\/b>\u00fcne sahiptir. \u00a0Volume Boot Sector<\/strong>, sadece \u00fczerinde bulundu\u011fu b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc kontrol eder, \u00fczerinde bulundu\u011fu b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn bilgilerini i\u00e7erir. Baz\u0131 kaynaklarda Partition Boot Sector\u00a0<\/b>diye bir \u015feyden bahsedilir. Volume Boot Sector, Partition Boot Sector ikisi de ayn\u0131 \u015feyi ifade eder.<\/p>\n

Volume Boot Sector,\u00a0Disk Parameter Block <\/b>ve\u00a0Volume Boot Code<\/b>‘dan olu\u015fur. \u00a0Disk Parameter Block<\/strong> i\u00e7erisinde ait oldu\u011fu b\u00f6l\u00fcme ait boyut, sekt\u00f6r adeti, b\u00f6l\u00fcm adedi ve \u015femas\u0131 gibi bilgileri bar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131r. Volume Boot Code<\/strong> ise MBR’de bulunan Master Boot Code ile yakla\u015f\u0131k<\/strong> olarak ayn\u0131d\u0131r. Fakat Volume Boot Code<\/strong>‘un aktif olabilmesi iki \u015fart<\/strong> vard\u0131r o da bulundu\u011fu B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn active<\/strong>\u00a0olarak i\u015faretlenmi\u015f olmas\u0131 ve MBR’nin i\u00e7inde bulunan Master Boot Code<\/strong> taraf\u0131ndan tetiklenmesi gerekir. Active olmayan di\u011fer b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerde de Volume Boot Code bulunur<\/strong> fakat bu kodlar kullan\u0131lamazlar<\/strong> yani etkisizdirler<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Son olarak anlatt\u0131klar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n hepsini bir \u015femada \u00f6zetlersek:<\/p>\n

Donan\u0131m serisimizin ikinci yaz\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n da sonuna geldik. Bilgisayar\u0131n temelini anlatmaya devam edece\u011fimiz \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc yaz\u0131m\u0131zda g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmek \u00fczere!\u00a0Sormak istedi\u011finiz bir \u015fey olursa\u00a0buradan<\/a>\u00a0<\/strong>ileti\u015fim bilgilerime ula\u015fabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n

Herkese iyi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar dilerim.<\/p>\n

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Blogda yay\u0131nlanan yaz\u0131lar\u0131, kaynak\u00e7a verdi\u011finiz s\u00fcrece kopyalabilirsiniz. <\/strong>\nKaynak\u00e7a:\nWikipedia\n<\/a>http:\/\/fixingmycomputer.com\n<\/a>www.yakuter.com\n<\/a>www.tomshardware.com\n<\/a>www.computerhope.com\n<\/a>www.ntfs.com\n<\/a>7.enpedi.com<\/a><\/pre>\n
\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Donan\u0131m konulu yaz\u0131 serimizin 2. yaz\u0131s\u0131ndan merhaba. \u00a0Ge\u00e7en yaz\u0131m\u0131zda Bios Nedir? konusundan yola \u00e7\u0131karak Boot s\u00fcrecinden bahsetmi\u015ftik. Boot s\u00fcrecinden sonra Bios, i\u015flemciyi Sabit Disk’in 0. adresi yani Plaka 0, Kafa 0, Sekt\u00f6r 1 konumuna y\u00f6nlendirir ve oradan sonra i\u015flemi orada bulunan dosya sisteminin i\u00e7indeki kodlara b\u0131rak\u0131r\u00a0demi\u015ftik. Blogumuzda anlataca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z 2 disk b\u00f6l\u00fcmlendirme mant\u0131\u011f\u0131(dosya sistemi diye bahsetti\u011fimiz) … Continue reading “Donan\u0131m – MBR Nedir?”<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4,6,10],"tags":[53,58,93,95,102,114,118,120,121,131,147,164,165,166,194,195,208,246,254,255,257],"class_list":["post-709","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hardware","category-ne-nedir","category-windows","tag-bios","tag-birincil-bolumler","tag-disk-parameter-block","tag-donanim","tag-extended-partition","tag-genisletilmis-bolum","tag-gnu","tag-gpt","tag-grup","tag-ibm","tag-kernel","tag-master-boot-record","tag-master-partition-table","tag-mbr","tag-partition","tag-pc-dos","tag-primary-partition","tag-ubuntu","tag-volume-boot-code","tag-volume-boot-record","tag-windows"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/metehantoksoy.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/709","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/metehantoksoy.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/metehantoksoy.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/metehantoksoy.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/metehantoksoy.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=709"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/metehantoksoy.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/709\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/metehantoksoy.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=709"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/metehantoksoy.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=709"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/metehantoksoy.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=709"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}

\"MBR
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